Free speech video assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Free speech video assignment - Research Paper Example the the promotion of the film and the film, under the First Amendment, are protected speech, and so is the filmmaker, Nakoula Basseley Nakoula, aka Sam Bacile. This paper examines the video and explains whether the filmmaker had a First Amendment right to make the film; it offers a vivid legal explanation as to why the filmmaker First Amendment right cannot be violated. Additionally, the paper looks at how the mainstream American media covered the story, how the United States government treated the issues, the filmmaker’s interpretation and explains how, assuming that I made the film, I would have handled the alleged uproar. The paper also answers the question of whether the U.S government should arrest and criminally prosecute the maker of the anti-muslim film, â€Å"The Innocence of Muslims†. FREE SPEECH VIDEO ASSIGNMENT After the distribution of the â€Å"The Innocence of Muslims†, the anti-muslim video via YouTube, protests ensued in the Middle East, in Cairo , outside the American Consulate, in Libya, which led to the killing of four Americans, among them, the American Ambassador to Libya, Christopher Stevens. ... Additionally, a debate with regards to whether the filmmaker, who joined the ranks of Delph and Jones, had the First Amendment right to make the film. The First Amendment of the U.S constitution establishes protection of individual rights belief, conduct and speech, in other words, rights to freedom of expression and religion. According to Nowak & Rotunda (2004), freedom of expression constitutes the freedom of assembly, freedom of press, to petition and freedom of speech. Therefore, by default, the U.S constitution is set to by all means protect the freedom of speech, even violent and hat filled speech (Cohen, 2012). The filmmaker or producer and the film distributor have the First Amendment right, since the promotion of the film and the film are protected speech and neither the promotion of the film nor the film create something like the infamous â€Å"shouting fire in a crowded theater† (Chertoff, 2012). In determining whether the filmmaker and the film distributor had Firs t Amendment right, it is important to consider whether the film, considered as speech, was intended to incite violence or was an incitement to riots – the film or speech should have not only led to violence, but the filmmaker must have intended the film to incite riots/violence. The â€Å"The Innocence of Muslims†, or the anti-muslim video did produced violence, but it is clear that it was not the filmmaker’s intention for the film to produce violence; the film did not also produce violence immediately. For this reason, the filmmaker has First Amendment rights since the film/speech is protected by the First Amendment. There is no way that the film produced by Nakoula Basseley Nakoula, aka Sam Bacile qualify as an incitement

Representations of Gigantism in Art and Architecture Essay

Representations of Gigantism in Art and Architecture - Essay Example While the office of the Presidency was supposed to come with a great deal of prestige, it had far less privilege and entitlement associated with it than the inherited titles of royalty that were, in the early 1800’s, the most common form of government.  One word that is used to refer to a particular degree of size is â€Å"gigantic.†Ã‚   Small children use this word when they see blimps up close, or skyscrapers, or magical characters in cartoons.   Objects (and beings) of such excessive size are beheld at once with wonder and fear, a combination which sometimes is described with the word â€Å"awe.†Ã‚   There are several ways in which the concept of the gigantic can engage the senses.   As was referenced in the opening anecdote, there is always a sense of comparison that goes on in defining the gigantic – and this sense is always accompanied by a stark sense of contrast between the size of the viewer, and the normal objects with which the viewer is g enerally familiar, and the size of the object in question.   The idea does not have to refer to a static object, of course:   the ways in which the genie Aladdin assumes such gigantic proportions in the popular Disney movie has much more to do with the swirling, undulating motions that the genie makes, than with the actual size that the genie ends up having.   It can have to do with the scope of a story, not just the size of a particular painting’s frame. When it comes to architecture, the idea of the gigantic goes back almost as far as recorded human history itself.   The Old Testament refers.

Leisure Time Essay Example for Free

Leisure Time Essay In the mid-1800s Americans started to receive a lot of extra time in their hand and had more time to do fun activities. Businesses declining working hours was a major reason for the rise of leisure time but what also had a huge impact was installation of the electric lighting in the city’s streets which made Americans have more time to perform activities at later hours (Lund). So what did Americans decide to do with this time? The recommendation of physical exercise as a way to relive of all the stress raised the importance of physical actives and to also attend spectator sports became part of the leisure activities in the United States. Vaudeville, dance halls, and motion pictures became popular, while new modes of travel allowed Americans to go visit the mountains, seaside resorts and county fairs (Lund). To begin with after the Civil War, the popularity of sports as leisure activities grew as people began to see the importance of exercise to health. While initially only the wealthy could take part in most sporting events because the middle and lower classes couldn’t afford most of the activities .The opening of public available gymnasiums, courts, and fields allowed the middle class to participate in those activities as well (Lund). Athletic clubs such as the New York Athletic Club were organized and the YMCAs began to institute sports programs. These programs mostly focused on track and field events, introduced by communities of European descent, and gymnastics, heavily influenced by German athletics. Gymnasiums, which included exercises using Indian clubs, wooden rings, and dumbbells, were opened in many Eastern cities which helped expand exercise. Also With the extra time Americans gained American sought out to find new ways to keep themselves occupied and entertained. Americans began to seek out new ways to distract themselves so they started to experiment in making new activities to do. As a result of Americans seeking for a new past time they invented Americas greatest past time today, baseball. Different types of Baseball have been played throughout time and before the 1800s but the rise of the sport didn’t come until after the civil war (Bluett). While at war the soldiers had a lot of extra time in their hands the soldiers from New York introduced the game to their comrades from their camps and soon the game also spread to other camps over the north and south. It was said that because of this baseball expanded from the north to the south baseball was recognized more after the civil war ended. After all the soldiers from the camps were taught how to play, they went back home and introduced their sport to their families and friends which helped expand they name of the game (Bluett). In 1870 the first professional team were founded but didn’t last for more than five years. In 1876 the first major professional league that was formed was the National league of baseball clubs which still exist today. Another sport that was created by Americans in the 19th century which they invented to perform as a leisure activity was Basketball. The game was created from the mind of James Naismith in 1891, while he was an instructor at the School for Christian Workers, later called the International YMCA Training School, in Springfield, Massachusetts (McComb). The YMCA was an international organization that focused on the idea that physical as well as religious training was important for humans. Naismith had graduated from McGill University, and after leaving a Presbyterian seminary jo ined the YMCA school in Massachusetts. When he arrived the director of the YMCA name Luther asked Naismith if he could design an interesting indoor sport for physical activity in a gymnasiums Americans can exercise while having fun in the winter when it was cold and couldn’t be outside (McComb). He thought that people were bored of just working out with weights and running around without a purpose. James considered the thought of throwing a ball into a box, like the warm-up exercise he had used when he played rugby but only this time the box was ten feet up and had to dribble the ball (McComb). The game was a success Americans all over the country were playing it and it even expanded internationally. In the 1880s women didn’t really perform any  sports but after they were introduced with basketball they were so fascinated that it became one of women’s favorite sport in the 1880s. Furthermore although men performed the majority of sports activities around the 19th century. Opportunities for women beg an to appear as the century ended. Some of the most popular sports for women in the 19 century were basketball and lawn tennis. Also by the end of the century schools began to offer even more sports activities for females, such as gymnastics and basketball. One of the most popular sports for women was basketball. Girls and womens basketball flourished in the early years of the game. Two days after the invention of basketball, some female teachers who had heard the shouts of players coming from the gym, asked Naismith to instruct them (Woolum). Naismith did so and the women became very fund of the sport. In 1892 after the women new the game better the YMCA hosted the first tournament for women (Woolum). The game for women spread and they even got to play in college, in 1896 the first intercollegiate game was played in Berkeley between the University of California and Stanford. No male spectators were allowed at the Berkeley match because it was considered improper for male viewers to attend (Woolum). Also the other sport the women were very fund of was lawn tennis. Mary Ewing Outerbridge has been credited with introducing lawn tennis to the United States in 1874. When she went to Bermuda she watched as British Army officers were hitting a rubber ball with spoon-shaped paddles strung with catgut across an outstretched net. Fascinated by the game, Outerbridge brought a box of the tennis equipment with her and returned to New York (Woolum). When she got home she introduced the game to her friends and family. The game rapidly got popular and became very popular not just with women but with men as well and rapidly spread throughout the Northeast as a favorite national pastime (Woolum). In addition Americans didn’t just past their times with sports they also enjoyed other activities like attending vaudeville shows. Within cities, people attended vaudeville shows which would include many acts. The vaudeville shows were usually watched by the middle class, the shows often ran for many hours so the people could come and go whenever they wanted (Ushistory). In the Vaudeville shows the viewers could enjoy a performance consisting of Shakespeare plays, acrobatics, singing, dancing, and comedy (Lund). Vaudeville shows weren’t just for entertaining they also talked  about economic and ethnic situations. Other popular shows of the time included circuses and Wild West shows, one of the most famous plays was Buffalo Bill Codys by William F. Motion pictures also served as entertainment during leisure time for urban audiences. Initially the movies were originalities in kinescope viewers, until they became acts in their own right on the vaudeville stage. As motion pictures became longer, they moved into storefront Nickelodeon theaters and then into even larger theaters (Lund). Finally another activity Americans did as for their leisure time was to go on vacations. Some people wished to go further afield on their vacations and leave the city now that they invented a new way to travel faster which was by trains (Ushistory). Many with limited budgets went to the countryside or the beaches which mostly included the lower and middle class. Towards the late nineteenth century resorts opened in the outskirts of cities, such as the beach area of Asbury Park in New Jersey which was founded in 1870 (Lund). Amusement parks opened in places like Coney Island in New York was founded in 1897.the Park offering rides, fun houses, and scenes from foreign life, and the latest technological breakthroughs, such as motion pictu res. National parks were created by the federal government to preserve nature and many began to tour these areas on vacation (Lund). One such example was Yellowstone Park where people camped or stayed at the hotels, the park was built there in the late 1880s. Worlds fairs and expositions held in different U.S. cities offered Americans a chance to tour the world in one place. The fairs celebrated progress and featured exhibits of science and technology, foreign villages, shows, rides and vendors. The first major one was the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876 (Lund). All in all Americans in the 19th century performed a large variety of activities for their leisure time. Men performed many different physical activities especially when clubs like the YMCA was introduced which helped more Americans become more active, also American performed sports like baseball and basketball in their leisure time. In the late 19th century even women were starting to take place in the sports and other activates. Another major activity Americans did for leisure time was to go to vaudeville shows which had all sorts of acts from Shakespeare plays to comedy acts. Finally after traveling was easier Americans started to go on vacations outside the city and go to resorts and world fairs for their leisure time. Bibliography 1. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awlhtml/awlleis.html a. Leisure after the civil war b. Lund, Karen C. America at Work / America at Leisure, 1894-1915. America at Work / America at Leisure, 1894-1915. Memory.loc.gov, 01 June 2000. Web. 17 Dec. 2013. 2. http://www.pacivilwartrails.com/stories/tales/baseball-and-the-civil-war a. Baseball and the civil war b. Bluett, Terry. Baseball and the Civil War. Welcome to the Pennsylvania Civil War Trails. Civil War Trails, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2013. 3. http://www.elibrary.com/elibweb/elib/do/document?set=searchdictionaryClick=onsecondaryNav=groupid=1requestid=lib_standardresultid=1edition=ts=FA9DBE62F456E22634A15DC6F7B76C44_1385528175587start=1publicationId=urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B171337845 a. The Great Spectator Sports of North America b. McComb, David G. ELibrary: Login. ELibrary: Login. Proquest, 01 Dec. 1998. Web. 18 Dec. 2013. 4. http://www.ushistory.org/us/39b.asp a. Leisure time b. Ushistory.org. 39b. Sports and Leisure. Sports and Leisure [ushistory.org]. U.S. History Online Textbook, n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2013. 5. http://www.elibrary.com/elibweb/elib/do/document?set=searchdictionaryClick=onsecondaryNav=groupid=1requestid=lib_standardresultid=3edition=ts=FA9DBE62F456E22634A15DC6F7B76C44_1385528175587start=1publicationId=urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B28013995 a. Women in America sports b. Woolum, Janet. ELibrary: Login. ELibrary: Login. Elibrary, 05 Aug. 1992.

E Coli On Bathroom Surfaces

E Coli On Bathroom Surfaces In this experiment, we aimed to test the common statement that Pine- O- Cleen kills 99.9 of E.Coli on bathroom surfaces .To test this myth we used sterile swabs, sterile physiological saline sterile pipettes. Tile was used to represent bathroom surface and E .coli culture to represent unclean or contaminated surface. E coli culture was spread on the tile with sterile glass spreader evenly and then Pine-O-Cleen was sprayed on it. Therefore in this experiment, the independent variable is the length of time E coli was on the surface of the tile used and the dependent variable is the number of E coli forming units (cfu) or the Percentage of E.coli cells remaining on the Nutrient Agar Plate and Malt extract plate after being cleaned using Pine-O-Clean and controlled variables were length of time E.coli was left on tile, type of bacteria onto the tiles (E.coli), the surface area that bacterial growth is tested on number of bacteria initially present on tiles By using sterile pipettes, sterile glass spreader and using a known concentration of e .coli culture (1 ml) and pine- o-cleen (1 ml) on both of the tiles used, other variables were controlled such as incubation temperature incubation time. Null Hypothesis: There is no difference in number of E. coli cells surviving on bathroom surfaces with or without treated with Pine -O-Cleen. The effect of pine o clean in removal of bacteria from a contaminated surface was tested in weeks 12 and 13. Basically we tested the effect of Pine-O-Cleen on E. coli cells on bathroom surfaces. The results of the experiment in week 12 identified that the number of cfu on each plate were too low to be accurate and dilutions did not had decreasing number of colonies and some plates had 0 colonies and even control had colonies in it , so calculations were not done that week. Results in week 13 we obtained approximated cfu were transferred from the bathroom tiles and after it was treated with pine -o- cleen. This was determined by counting cfu on pour plates of the undiluted solution from week 13. Table 1: Pour plate counts of serial dilutions and total number of colony forming units (cfu) transferred from the bathroom tile contaminated with E.coli culture to a swab and the ones treated with pine -o -cleen. * The values were accurate for wk 13 since they were in the range of 25-250 cfu/plate for 10-4, 10-5 dilutions and plates were having decreasing number of colonies as dilution factor was increasing. Interpretation and conclusion: As mentioned above, total number of bacteria transferred from the tile with E.coli which was contaminated and after it was treated with Pine Oà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ Cleen. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the pine O cleen has some effect on number of bacteria on the tile. Plates had decreasing number of colonies as dilution factor increased. There was roughly a 10 fold difference between successive dilutions. Although some bacteria survived the cleaning process, pine o cleen still kills germs on bathroom surfaces. Pine -O -Cleen possess antimicrobial substances and that surface bacteria die within minutes but it doesnà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t kill 99.9 of E .coli cells. In agreement with our results, previous studies have shown very little amount of pine o cleen is needed to kill a particular species of bacteria (Fidalgo, 2002). Other variables to consider is that length of time E.coli was left on tile, type of bacteria onto the tiles (E.coli), the surface area that bacterial growth is tested on number of bacteria initially present on tiles. Decontamination reagents used for flucloxacillin wipe sampling and degradation/stability tests included: isopropanol 50 and 70, ethanol 60 and 100, benzalkonium chloride 0.1 (Pine O Cleen), sodium hypochlorite 0.5 (Chloroclens), sodium hydroxide 0.03M and distilled water Previous studies have shown that Pine O cleen is very effective against bacteria and only 0.001 of bacteria was left behind after using Pine-O- Cleen . ( Fidalgo,2002). Based on our preliminary results, together with the results reported on other recent studies, which all suggest that pine -O-Cleen is effective against bacteria, we reject Null hypothesis since pine- o -cleen does have an effect on number of E.coli cells since in treatment we got 0 colonies. Critical evaluation of experimental design In week 12, we set out to evaluate the number of E. coli cells transferred from the surface of the bathroom tile with E .coli culture to a moistened swab. A dilution series was set up and spread plates of each dilution were performed. Unfortunately the number of CFU was too low to be accurate. Therefore the experimental design was modified in the second experiment in wk 13 to compensate for this problem. Due to limitation of the number of plates and bottles, the experiment was designed such that test in wk 12 were duplicated. We used 10-4, 10-5, 10-6 instead of 10-5, 10-6, 10-7.This introduced the possibility of variables due to potential differences in techniques and in concentration of E coli culture use. Therefore, the experiment could be improved by performing the duplicates at the same time, choosing treatments that altered the minimum of confounding variables, incorporating as many effective controls as possible, keeping number of replicates as high as feasible, Since total number of replicates available for the experiment were limited by resources, compromised between number of treatment and number of replicates per treatment, accounting for the time taken to apply treatments and then recording results, ensuring same number of replicates is present in each treatment, finding out the limitation on resources. If more materials were ordered like more bottles, tiles, NA plates it would have been ideal to increase the number of replicates for each test in order to make the results more statistically relevant. A recent study has demonstrated that the transfer of bacteria to food increased when cells were applied to the surface n the presence of growth media compared with dilution buffer (Moore et al, 2007). This additional variable could also be tested in future studies.

William Shakespeare :: English Literature Essays

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was a very successful man; he was an English dramatist and poet. (1) He is considered the greatest playwright who ever lived. His comedies, sonnets, (the solid fact, however, of Meres’s mention of the Sonnets, two of which (though the whole collection was not published till ten years later) appeared secret, it would seem, next year (1599), introduces another range of hypothetical exercise in biography, which has sometimes been followed in opposition to the former method, but has been more frequently combined with it so as to permit of even more fruitful and wilder expatiation.), tragedies, and poetry. He has been famous ever since all of his works. He wasn’t really recognized then, because people didn’t know or understand who he was, now people know what he has done. The table of Shakespeare's plays is uncertain, but a reasonable approximation of their order can be imply from dates of publication, references in contemporary writings, and resources in the plays to contemporary events, thematic relationships, and metrical and stylistic comparisons. One of his accomplishments was his famous tragedy; it was called â€Å"Romeo & Juliet†, written by Shakespeare at a somewhat connection in his literary career, most probably in 1594 or 1595. In Romeo and Juliet the main plot, in which the new love between Romeo and Juliet comes into conflict with the longstanding hatred between their families, is skillfully advanced, while the true development of minor characters supports and enriches it. The most complex of Shakespeare's early plays, Romeo and Juliet is far more than (2) â€Å"a play of young love† or â€Å"the world's typical love-tragedy.† Weaving together a large number of related impressions and judgments, it is as much about hate as love. It tells of a family and its home as well as a feud and a tragic marriage. The public life of Verona and the private lives of the Veronese make up the setting for the love of Juliet and Romeo and provide the background against which their love can be estimated. (1) The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 1994-2000, â€Å"William Shakespeare† (2) The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 1994- 2000, â€Å"William Shakespeare† It is not the deaths of the lovers that enclose the play but the public revelation of what has happened, with the admonitions of the Prince and the reconciliation of the two families. Another one of William’s works of art is Hamlet. Hamlet is a legendary Danish prince and hero of Shakespeare’s play Hamlet.

Autism :: essays research papers

Constructs: In my own research I will be measuring 3 variables as my constructs such as the following: 1) Verbal ability 2) Social interactions or the degree of participation in group work or plays 3) Gender Participants: 20 autistic children between the ages of 6 to 7 with identical IQ levels, both sexes, with equal number of participants- 10 to each Purpose: As researchers claim, autism is four times more prevalent in boys than girls. According to this claim I would like to test whether gender is an effective or dominant factor in determining children’s progress both in verbal abilities and the kind of social interactions they encounter in the educational settings such as kindergartens or schools. Methodology: Instruments: CARS rating scale (childhood autism rating scale) developed by Eric schopler in the early 1970s, it is based on observed behavior, professionals evaluate a child’s relationship to people, body use, adaptation to change, listening response and verbal communication. AUTISM SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE: a 40 item screening scale that has been used with children 4 and older to help evaluate communication skills and social functioning. Plus observations with the help of a professional team including a speech therapist to assess the amount of progress in verbal abilities and interacting with the children’s care givers or parents during the research. Procedure: As far as I’m concerned, the nature of this research lends itself to both qualitative and quantitative methods, in the sense that there needs to be a lot of close observations to assess the trend that the participants follow plus some numerical data which support the findings regarding verbal abilities. In assessing the degree of engagement or participation in groupwork there might be the use of some rein forcers such as toys or chocolates. Here the main emphasis revolves around gender. Therefore an attempt should be made to have exactly the same conditions for both sexes. Since assessing the constructs focus more on gender it could have been more reliable to have a larger sample to be able to generalize the results, but considering the fact that research on autism is a difficult task and requires the cooperation of a professional team, working on large samples may not be possible or easy to deal with. This could be mentioned in the limitation part. In this research 20

Principles of Life Essay

â€Å"An army of principles can penetrate where an army of soldiers cannot.† -Thomas paine .This thinking of Paine’s motivated the uneducated man forward despite his fallen human condition and bring hope to the common man, a secuatious nation, and the entirety of mankind. We all have some sort of principles that we at least claim to have, whether or not we actually live by them. If you want to have a principle driven life, the first thing you have to do is determine what your principles are. The way to begin determining your principles is to try to think of things you would always or never do, regardless of circumstances. The list of â€Å"never do† and The list of â€Å"always do†When you look at these lists, there should be some core things that join them togetherThese things that lie behind the actions on your â€Å"never do† and â€Å"always do† lists are your principles.Well, the first thing to do is commit them into your memory and your heart. That way they are always with you, and you can always consider them when deciding which path to take at any particular point in life. A good start to living by your principles would be these ten pillars of a principal driven life: Honesty Integrity Priorities Commitment Persistence Learning From Your Past Be Yourself Courage. Self-confidence When all ten are intact, keeping the focus of your life on your principles is, easy With each one that falls, it becomes harder and harder to keep your focus Ethics and ethical principles extend to all spheres of human activity. Ethics serve to identify good, desirable or acceptable conduct and provide reasons for conclusions.When most people think of ethics (or morals), they think of rules for distinguishing between right and wrong, such as the Golden Rule (â€Å"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you), or a wise aphorisms like the sayings of Confucius. A family is a place where principles are hammered and honed on the anvil of everyday living. Charles R. Swindoll Most people learn ethical norms at home, at school,or in other social settings. Although most people acquire their sense of right and wrong during childhood, moral development occurs throughout life and human beings pass through different stages of growth as they mature. Ethical norms are so omnipresent that one might be tempted to regard them as simple commonsense. On the other hand, if morality were nothing more than commonsense, then why are there so many ethical disputes and issues in our society? One plausible explanation of these disagreements is that all people recognize some common ethical norms but different individuals interpret, apply, and balance these norms in different ways in light of their own values and life experiences. Most societies also have legal rules that govern behavior, but ethical norms tend to be broader and more informal than laws. it is important to remember that ethics and law are not the same. when Mohandas K. Gandhi was assassinated, George C. Wallace, the United States Secretary of state said that â€Å"Gandhi had become a spokesman for the conscience of all mankind a man who made humility and simple truth more powerful than empires† Gandhi promoted simple living, non-violence, and forgiveness as a way to unite all people peacefully. These principles helped him to liberate his people As quoted by Napoleon Bonaparte† Great ambition is the passion of a great character. Those endowed with it may perform very good or very bad acts. All depends on the principles which direct them. â€Å"